Refractory Asthma

Refractory asthma refers to poorly controlled asthma. It is also called as severe asthma, steroid-dependent or resistant asthma, difficult to control asthma, brittle asthma and irreversible asthma. The following steps can be taken for the patients with refractory asthma:

• Check the patient compliance with the medication prescribed.
• Correct the use of inhalers.
• Add low dose low release theophylline.
• Consider long term oral steroids.
• Infusion of beta-2 agonists may benefit some of the patients.

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Keywords: Refractory asthma, Treatment, Severe asthma, Steroid-dependent or resistant asthma, Difficult to control asthma, Brittle asthma, Irreversible asthma

Butterfly Fracture

What is butterfly fracture?

Butterfly fracture is a type of comminuted fracture. So, it refers to a comminuted fracture with a wedge-shaped or triangular-shaped piece of bone involving one cortex of the bone, between the proximal and distal portions of the fractured bone. It is also called as comminuted fracture with butterfly fragment or wedge fracture.

A butterfly fracture of right tibia

What is the cause of butterfly fracture?

Butterfly fractures are caused by angulation or bending movements and butterfly fragment is produced due to compression.

What is the treatment of butterfly fracture?

Butterfly fractures are managed with inter-fragmentary compression screw fixation at each fracture interface of the fractured bone.

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Keywords: Butterfly fracture, Comminuted fracture, Butterfly fragment, Types of fracture, Wedge fracture